RV Electric Heater vs Propane Heater vs Diesel Heater

An electric heater is usually best with shore power, propane works best as an all-around factory heating system, and diesel is excellent for extended off-grid heating. Your ideal choice depends on campground power, outside temperature, RV size, fuel access, battery capacity, and plumbing protection.

Below, I’ll compare all three RV heating options in practical terms. We’ll look at heating output, running cost, electrical use, boondocking, extreme cold, condensation, installation, safety, and which setup makes the most sense for your travel style.

Key Takeaways

• Electric heaters work best when campground electricity is readily available.
• Propane furnaces provide strong, factory-integrated heat throughout many RVs.
• Diesel heaters are efficient choices for long off-grid winter stays.
• A 1,500-watt electric heater produces roughly 5,100 BTU per hour.
• Propane furnaces often provide much higher overall heating capacity.
• Diesel heaters still need 12V electricity for startup and operation.
• Factory propane furnaces may help protect enclosed plumbing areas.
• Using two heating systems together often works better in winter.

RV Electric Heater vs Propane Heater vs Diesel Heater: Quick Comparison

These three heaters can all keep an RV comfortable. However, they do the job in very different ways. This quick comparison shows where each system generally performs best.

Comparison	Electric Space Heater	Built-In Propane Furnace	Diesel Air Heater
Best for	Campgrounds with hookups	General RV winter use	Extended cold-weather camping
Energy source	120V electricity	Propane and 12V	Diesel and 12V
Shore power needed	Usually	No	No
Typical heat output	About 5,100 BTU/h at 1,500W	Commonly 12,000–40,000 BTU/h	Depends heavily on model
12V battery demand	Very high through inverter	Moderate	Usually modest after startup
Boondocking suitability	Poor	Good	Very good
Whole-RV heating	Limited	Very good	Depends on installation
Underbelly heating	Usually no	Often possible	Usually no
Installation	Very easy	Usually factory-installed	More involved
Fuel storage	None	Propane tank	Diesel tank
Maintenance	Low	Moderate	Moderate
Noise	Low to moderate	Blower noise	Fan and pump noise
Main drawback	Heavy electrical demand	Fuel and blower usage	Installation complexity

The important point is that these heaters are not direct replacements. An electric heater may comfortably warm one room while a propane furnace heats the entire RV.

Which RV Heater Is Best Overall?

For most RV owners, there is no single winner. The best heater depends mostly on how and where you camp.

If you spend most nights at powered campgrounds, electric heating makes sense. You can reduce propane consumption while using electricity already available at your site.

A factory propane furnace remains the easiest all-around solution. It provides strong heat without requiring shore power. Many systems also distribute warmth near tanks and plumbing.

Diesel becomes especially attractive for frequent boondocking and extended winter travel. A properly installed diesel heater can provide steady heat using relatively little fuel.

For serious winter RVing, I usually prefer a combination. One heater handles everyday comfort while another provides backup and plumbing protection.

How Do Electric, Propane, and Diesel RV Heaters Work?

Before comparing costs and performance, it helps to understand their differences. Each heater uses a different energy source and heat-distribution method.

How an RV Electric Space Heater Works

Most portable RV electric heaters use resistance heating. Electricity passes through a heating element, which produces heat.

A fan may then push that warm air throughout the room. Radiant and oil-filled heaters distribute warmth somewhat differently.

Most RV space heaters plug into a standard 120V outlet. They usually draw up to about 1,500 watts on high.

That makes them simple and inexpensive to install. However, they place significant demand on an RV electrical system.

Electric heat pumps are different from portable resistance heaters. Heat pumps move existing heat rather than creating it directly.

How a Built-In RV Propane Furnace Works

A built-in RV furnace burns propane inside a combustion chamber. A 12V blower then distributes heated air through ductwork.

The combustion system is separated from the RV living space. Intake air and exhaust gases are normally routed outside.

The thermostat controls furnace cycling automatically. When temperatures fall, the furnace starts another heating cycle.

Many RV manufacturers also route furnace heat near enclosed plumbing areas. This can help protect tanks and water lines.

How an RV Diesel Air Heater Works

A diesel air heater burns a small amount of diesel. A metering pump supplies fuel into its combustion chamber.

The heater uses a glow plug during startup. After ignition, the electrical demand normally drops considerably.

Cabin air passes across the heat exchanger and returns warmer. Combustion gases are separately exhausted outside the RV.

This design produces steady heat without releasing combustion exhaust indoors. However, installation must be completed correctly for safe operation.

Which Heater Produces the Most Heat?

Heating capacity matters more than many RV owners initially realize. A heater can run constantly and still feel weak if undersized.

Electric Heater Heat Output

A typical 1,500-watt electric space heater provides around 5,100 BTU hourly.

That amount can work well inside smaller campers. It can also supplement another heating system inside larger RVs.

However, one electric heater may struggle during extreme cold. Large RVs lose heat quickly through windows, floors, and walls.

Running two heaters increases available heat. It also creates a much heavier electrical load.

Propane Furnace Heat Output

Propane RV furnaces usually provide significantly higher heating capacity. Common models range from roughly 12,000 to 40,000 BTU.

That difference becomes noticeable during cold mornings. A furnace can increase interior temperature much faster.

Ductwork also spreads the heat more evenly. Bathrooms, bedrooms, and enclosed utility areas may receive warm airflow.

This is one reason factory furnaces remain valuable. Even diesel-heater owners often keep their propane furnace available.

Diesel Heater Heat Output

Diesel heaters come in several output ranges. Smaller systems often suit vans, truck campers, and compact travel trailers.

Larger systems can provide considerably more heat. However, advertised ratings are not always equally reliable between manufacturers.

I recommend checking verified specifications for the exact model. Avoid choosing a heater only because the listing claims higher kilowatts.

Oversizing can also create problems. Diesel heaters usually perform better when allowed to run steadily.

Which RV Heater Uses the Least Electricity?

Electrical consumption becomes especially important while boondocking. Fuel-burning heaters still require electricity for certain components.

Electric Heater Power Consumption

A 1,500-watt heater drawing power at 120 volts uses about 12.5 amps.

A 30-amp RV has roughly 3,600 watts available overall. One heater can therefore consume around 42 percent of that capacity.

Now add your microwave, converter, refrigerator, coffee maker, or water heater. Suddenly, breaker trips become much more likely.

Running resistance heat from an inverter is even harder. A 1,500-watt heater demands considerable energy from your battery bank.

For ordinary RV batteries, that usually makes electric resistance heating impractical overnight.

Propane Furnace Battery Consumption

The propane provides the actual combustion heat. However, the furnace still needs 12V electricity.

The blower motor usually creates most of that electrical demand. Controls, ignition, and the thermostat also require power.

During extremely cold weather, frequent cycling can drain batteries faster. That matters when you are not connected to shore power.

A healthy battery bank is therefore essential. Don’t assume a propane furnace can operate without electricity.

Diesel Heater Battery Consumption

Diesel heaters typically draw the most electricity during startup. The glow plug needs substantial current while creating ignition heat.

After startup, power consumption generally falls. The fan, fuel pump, and controller continue using 12V electricity.

This makes diesel heating attractive for boondocking. It can provide long heating periods without huge electrical demand.

However, a weak battery can still cause startup problems. Diesel heaters need adequate voltage to ignite properly.

Which RV Heater Is Cheapest to Run?

Running cost depends on where you camp and local energy prices. That’s why I wouldn’t call one heater universally cheapest.

Keep these points in mind when comparing operating expenses:

• Electric heat can feel nearly free when campground electricity is included.
• Metered campsite electricity can change the economics considerably.
• Propane prices vary between refill stations, regions, and seasons.
• Diesel prices also vary significantly across the country.
• Diesel contains more stored energy per gallon than propane.
• Actual heater efficiency affects how much usable heat reaches you.
• Installation cost matters when comparing long-term ownership expenses.
• Your existing factory furnace costs nothing additional to install.

A low fuel price doesn’t always mean lower heating cost. You need to consider how efficiently that energy becomes usable cabin heat.

Electric space heaters have another advantage at full-hookup sites. You aren’t emptying your onboard propane tank while staying warm.

However, that advantage disappears when electricity is metered separately.

Electric Heaters: Where They Win and Where They Fall Short

Electric heaters are incredibly convenient in the right situation. They are also easy to misuse inside an RV electrical system.

Advantages of an Electric Heater

• Very inexpensive to purchase.
• No propane or diesel is required.
• No combustion exhaust is produced.
• Maintenance requirements are minimal.
• Operation is usually simple and quiet.
• Excellent for supplemental cabin heating.
• Convenient when campground electricity is included.
• Good for heating one occupied area.

Limitations of Electric Heat in an RV

• High electrical demand at full output.
• Can overload RV branch circuits.
• Limited whole-RV heating capacity.
• Poor choice for typical battery-powered boondocking.
• Usually doesn’t heat plumbing areas.
• Loose outlets can become dangerously hot.
• May struggle as the only heater during severe cold.
• Multiple heaters require careful load management.

Is an Electric Heater Good for Boondocking?

Usually, no. A resistance heater consumes too much electricity for most traditional RV battery systems.

You could power one using a generator. However, generator operation introduces fuel, noise, campground-rule, and carbon-monoxide concerns.

Very large lithium battery systems can technically run electric heat. Still, heating quickly consumes stored energy that could power other essentials.

Propane Furnaces: Where They Win and Where They Fall Short

The factory propane furnace remains useful for good reasons. It provides powerful heat while already integrating with many RV systems.

Advantages of an RV Propane Furnace

• Already installed in many RVs.
• Produces strong heating output.
• Works without campground shore power.
• Uses automatic thermostat control.
• Distributes heat through factory ductwork.
• Handles freezing temperatures well.
• May help warm enclosed plumbing areas.
• Requires no major retrofit.

Limitations of Propane Heating

• Requires regular propane refills.
• Uses battery power for the blower.
• Furnace cycling can become noisy.
• Some heat exits through the exhaust.
• Burner components require periodic maintenance.
• Cold temperatures reduce propane vaporization capacity.
• Refilling propane can become inconvenient during storms.
• Heavy furnace use may drain smaller battery banks.

Does an RV Propane Furnace Add Moisture Inside?

A properly operating, vented RV propane furnace should not dump combustion moisture inside your living space.

The burner operates inside a separated combustion system. Exhaust gases, including combustion moisture, are routed outdoors.

This differs from an unvented portable propane heater. Those heaters can release combustion-related moisture directly into the cabin.

You can still experience heavy condensation while using your furnace. Breathing, cooking, showers, wet clothing, and cold surfaces continue adding moisture.

Built-In Propane Furnace vs Portable Propane Heater

These two heaters should not be treated as identical systems.

A factory furnace normally uses sealed combustion and exterior venting. It can also distribute heat throughout installed RV ductwork.

Many portable propane heaters operate differently. Some draw combustion air from the occupied space and require specific ventilation.

Portable units also usually heat only the interior cabin. They don’t automatically protect underbelly plumbing or storage areas.

Always follow the exact heater manufacturer’s ventilation and safety instructions.

Diesel Heaters: Where They Win and Where They Fall Short

Diesel heaters have become popular among cold-weather RVers. Their strongest advantage is efficient, steady off-grid cabin heating.

Advantages of an RV Diesel Heater

• Low fuel consumption during extended operation.
• Good choice for frequent boondocking.
• Modest electrical demand after startup.
• Produces steady, consistent cabin heat.
• Combustion remains separated when correctly installed.
• Convenient for diesel-powered motorhomes.
• Long runtime from relatively little fuel.
• Works well for extended cold-weather stays.

Limitations of Diesel Heating

• Installation is more complicated.
• Floor or wall penetration is often required.
• Exhaust routing must be done correctly.
• A diesel fuel line and tank are required.
• Startup draws more battery power.
• Fuel pumps can produce noticeable ticking.
• Poor operation can create carbon buildup.
• Periodic combustion-system maintenance is needed.
• Exhaust may smell outside during startup.
• Gasoline RV owners need separate diesel storage.

Do You Need a Diesel RV to Use a Diesel Heater?

No. A diesel heater can run from its own approved fuel tank.

That makes diesel heating possible inside gasoline-powered motorhomes and trailers. You simply need a safe location for the fuel supply.

A diesel motorhome makes the setup more convenient. The heater may be able to draw from the vehicle’s existing tank.

What Happens to a Diesel Heater at High Altitude?

High altitude can affect combustion because thinner air contains less oxygen.

If fuel delivery stays unchanged, the heater may run too rich. That can increase soot and carbon buildup.

Some modern heaters automatically compensate for altitude. Others require special settings, controllers, or manual adjustments.

If you regularly camp high in the mountains, verify altitude specifications before buying.

Which Heater Works Best in Extreme Cold?

Extreme cold changes what your RV actually needs from its heater. Heat output and system integration become more important than convenience.

Electric Heat in Sub-Freezing Weather

Electric resistance heaters don’t suddenly stop producing heat below freezing.

A 1,500-watt heater can still deliver roughly the same maximum output. The problem is whether that output matches your RV’s heat loss.

A poorly insulated trailer may lose heat faster than one heater replaces it. Wind and cold glass make the problem even worse.

Electric heat works better when supplemented by insulation improvements. Window covers, skirting, and sealed drafts can reduce heating demand.

Propane in Very Cold Weather

Propane performs well in winter, but temperature affects fuel vaporization.

As tank temperature drops, available vapor pressure also decreases. Smaller or nearly empty tanks may struggle sooner under heavy furnace demand.

Tank size, propane level, outside temperature, and heater load all matter.

Don’t assume propane suddenly becomes unusable at one specific temperature. Performance gradually becomes more challenging as conditions worsen.

Diesel in Very Cold Weather

Diesel heaters can work extremely well during sustained winter camping.

However, cold-weather diesel fuel quality matters. Fuel can begin developing wax crystals when temperatures become sufficiently low.

Winter-blended diesel or suitable anti-gel treatment may become necessary. Follow your heater and fuel supplier recommendations.

Low battery voltage creates another winter concern. A heater may fail startup if the glow plug cannot receive enough power.

Which Heater Does the Best Job Protecting RV Plumbing?

Your factory propane furnace often has an advantage when plumbing protection matters.

Many four-season RVs route warm furnace air through enclosed underbelly areas. This can help protect tanks, valves, and water lines.

An electric space heater usually warms only the living area. A diesel heater also heats primarily wherever its warm-air outlet is directed.

That creates a possible winter trap. Your living room may feel comfortable while hidden plumbing gets dangerously cold.

Before relying exclusively on electric or diesel heat, inspect your RV’s design. Check whether furnace operation helps warm your plumbing system.

Not every RV has heated tanks or underbelly ducting. Your owner’s manual can explain how your specific system works.

Which RV Heater Creates the Least Condensation?

Condensation depends on heater design rather than fuel name alone. That distinction prevents a lot of misleading RV advice.

• Electric resistance heaters produce no combustion moisture inside.
• Properly vented diesel heaters exhaust combustion moisture outdoors.
• Properly vented propane furnaces also exhaust combustion moisture outdoors.
• Unvented portable propane heaters can add moisture inside the RV.
• Cooking and showers often create more noticeable indoor humidity.
• Breathing and drying wet gear also raise indoor moisture levels.

Your heater may warm the RV without solving humidity. Ventilation and moisture management remain necessary during cold-weather camping.

Which Heater Is Better for 30-Amp and 50-Amp RVs?

Available campground power heavily affects electric heating practicality. A 30-amp RV has much less headroom than 50-amp service.

Electric Heater on 30-Amp Service

A 30-amp RV receives roughly 3,600 watts at 120 volts.

One 1,500-watt heater consumes a substantial portion of that capacity. Two heaters can consume about 3,000 watts together.

That leaves very little power for other appliances. A microwave, coffee maker, or electric water heater can trip the main breaker.

I recommend managing loads intentionally. Don’t simply keep adding heaters because another outlet is available.

Electric Heater on 50-Amp Service

A 50-amp RV provides much greater electrical capacity than 30-amp service.

That makes multiple heating appliances easier to manage. However, individual RV outlets still have their own circuit limitations.

A damaged receptacle can overheat even when total campground power remains available.

Always inspect plugs and outlets during heavy heater use.

Propane and Diesel on 30-Amp or 50-Amp Service

Propane and diesel heaters don’t use shore power as their main heat source.

Their fans, pumps, controls, and ignition components run from the 12V system.

That means your AC service rating matters less. However, your converter and battery must still support the 12V load.

Installation and Maintenance: Which System Is Easiest?

Installation requirements vary dramatically between these heater types. Electric heat is simple, while fuel-burning systems need more care.

Task	Electric Heater	Propane Furnace	Diesel Heater
Initial installation	Minimal	Usually factory-installed	Most involved
Exhaust system	None	Factory vent	Must be installed
Fuel lines	None	Existing propane system	Diesel line required
12V wiring	Usually no	Required	Required
Routine cleaning	Minimal	Periodic	Periodic
Common concern	Plug and outlet heat	Burner, sail switch, ignition	Glow plug and soot
DIY difficulty	Low	Moderate to high	Moderate to high
Professional help useful	Rarely	Often for gas work	Often for installation

A portable electric heater wins for simplicity. You can usually place it safely and plug it in.

The factory furnace requires more maintenance, but it already exists. That eliminates a major installation expense for most RV owners.

Diesel installation deserves careful planning. Exhaust, fuel, combustion intake, wiring, and heat ducting all need proper placement.

Which RV Heater Is Safest?

All three heating systems can be used safely when installed and operated correctly.

For practical RV use, follow these safety habits:

• Keep working smoke and carbon-monoxide alarms inside the RV.
• Inspect fuel-burning heater vents regularly.
• Keep diesel exhaust away from windows and openings.
• Never modify factory furnace venting without proper guidance.
• Check electric heater plugs for discoloration or excessive heat.
• Plug portable heaters directly into suitable wall outlets.
• Keep portable heaters away from bedding, curtains, and clothing.
• Avoid extension cords unless the manufacturer specifically allows them.
• Never use cooking appliances as space heaters.
• Follow manufacturer instructions before operating any heater overnight.
• Don’t ignore unusual smells, soot, noises, or repeated shutdowns.

Portable electric heaters deserve special attention in RVs. Older or loose receptacles may overheat under sustained high current.

If a plug or outlet feels unusually hot, stop using it. Find the electrical problem before reconnecting the heater.

Electric vs Propane vs Diesel for Different RV Camping Styles

Your camping habits usually make the right answer easier. Use this table as a practical starting point.

Camping Situation	Best Starting Choice	Why
Full-hookup campground	Electric	Saves onboard fuel
Occasional winter trip	Propane furnace	Already installed
Frequent boondocking	Diesel or propane	No shore power needed
Extended winter camping	Diesel plus propane backup	Efficient and redundant
High plumbing freeze risk	Factory furnace	May warm utility areas
Diesel motorhome	Diesel heater	Convenient fuel supply
Small camper with hookups	Electric	Simple localized heating
Large RV in severe cold	Propane or combined system	Greater heating capacity
Mild fall camping	Electric	Easy and inexpensive
High-altitude camping	Properly rated system	Combustion settings matter

Your RV’s construction matters almost as much as fuel choice. A heater that works perfectly in one rig may perform poorly inside another.

Can You Use Two RV Heating Systems Together?

Using two systems is often the smartest winter strategy. It can reduce fuel consumption while keeping useful factory heating functions available.

Electric Heater Plus Propane Furnace

This combination works especially well at campgrounds with hookups.

The electric heater can handle much of your normal cabin heat. Your propane furnace remains available during colder periods.

The furnace can also cycle when needed for ducted heating. That may help maintain warmer temperatures near plumbing.

This setup can reduce propane consumption without abandoning factory protection.

Diesel Heater Plus Propane Furnace

This combination works well for frequent winter boondocking.

A diesel heater can provide steady cabin heat for long periods. The propane furnace remains available for backup and factory ducting.

You can also use the furnace during unusually cold conditions. That gives you greater total heating capacity when needed.

Why a Backup Heat Source Matters

Winter equipment sometimes fails at the worst possible moment.

You could run out of propane during a storm. Shore power could fail unexpectedly overnight.

A diesel heater might refuse startup from low voltage. An electric heater could trip an overloaded circuit.

Having another heat source gives you useful redundancy. That becomes especially important when temperatures fall far below freezing.

How to Choose Between Electric, Propane, and Diesel Heat

The easiest way to choose is by matching the heater to your camping habits.

Ask yourself these questions before changing your current heating setup:

• Will you usually have campground shore power?
• Do you regularly camp without hookups?
• How often do temperatures fall below freezing?
• How large is your RV?
• How well insulated is your RV?
• Does the furnace heat your underbelly?
• Do you already carry propane?
• Does your motorhome already use diesel?
• How large is your battery bank?
• Do you camp frequently at high altitude?
• Are you comfortable installing exhaust and fuel lines?
• How important are noise and maintenance requirements?
• How many winter nights do you camp each year?

Don’t replace a functioning factory furnace just because another fuel appears cheaper.

Your existing system already provides value. Adding another heater may make more sense than completely replacing it.

Common Mistakes When Comparing RV Heaters

RV heating comparisons can become misleading when important details get ignored.

Watch for these common mistakes:

• Comparing fuel prices without comparing actual heat output.
• Treating portable propane heaters like factory furnaces.
• Assuming a propane furnace needs no battery power.
• Assuming a diesel heater uses no electricity.
• Comparing 1,500-watt heaters directly with large furnaces.
• Ignoring underbelly and plumbing protection.
• Buying an oversized diesel heater.
• Ignoring high-altitude combustion requirements.
• Using electric heaters through weak RV outlets.
• Assuming campground electricity is always included.
• Trusting questionable heater output claims.
• Ignoring cold-weather diesel fuel requirements.

If you avoid these mistakes, your heating decision becomes much easier.

Final Verdict

For most hookup camping, electric heat offers the simplest and cheapest supplemental option. It lets you save propane while using available campground electricity.

For general RV winter use, the factory propane furnace remains the strongest all-around choice. It provides high heating output, automatic control, and potentially valuable plumbing protection.

For frequent boondocking or long winter stays, a properly installed diesel heater can be an excellent primary cabin heater. It provides efficient fuel use and relatively modest battery demand.

If you spend significant time camping below freezing, I wouldn’t necessarily choose only one system.

A combination often works better.

Electric or diesel heat can handle everyday cabin comfort. Your factory propane furnace can remain available for plumbing protection, severe cold, and emergencies.

That gives you better efficiency without sacrificing useful factory heating capabilities.

Related FAQs

Is a Diesel Heater Better Than a Propane Heater for an RV?

A diesel heater can be better for extended off-grid camping because it uses fuel efficiently and draws relatively little battery power after startup. A propane furnace remains better when you need factory ducted heat or underbelly warming.

Is It Cheaper to Heat an RV With Propane or Electricity?

Electric heat is often cheaper when campground electricity is included in your site fee. Propane may become more economical when electricity is metered or unavailable, so actual cost depends on local energy prices.

Can You Run a 1,500-Watt Heater in a 30-Amp RV?

Yes, a 1,500-watt heater can run on 30-amp RV service. However, it uses a large portion of your available electrical capacity, so high-draw appliances should be managed carefully.

Does an RV Propane Furnace Add Moisture Inside?

A properly vented factory propane furnace should exhaust combustion moisture outside. Unvented portable propane heaters are different and can add water vapor directly to the RV interior.

How Much Battery Power Does an RV Diesel Heater Use?

Battery use varies by heater size and operating level. Startup normally requires more current for the glow plug, while power consumption drops once the heater reaches normal operation.

Does an RV Propane Furnace Need Battery Power?

Yes. RV propane furnaces normally use 12V battery power for the blower motor, ignition, thermostat controls, and circuit board. They will not operate normally with a completely dead battery.

What Is the Best RV Heater for Boondocking?

Propane and diesel heaters are usually better for boondocking than resistance electric heaters. Diesel can offer excellent long-duration efficiency, while propane has the advantage of being factory-installed in many RVs.

Can a Diesel Heater Keep RV Pipes From Freezing?

A diesel heater can help keep the RV interior warm, but it may not heat enclosed plumbing areas. If your factory furnace warms the underbelly, completely replacing furnace use could leave pipes colder.

Which RV Heater Works Best Below Freezing?

Propane furnaces and properly sized diesel heaters generally perform better as primary heaters below freezing. Electric resistance heaters still work, but one small unit may not provide enough total heating capacity.

Can You Run an Electric Heater and RV Furnace Together?

Yes. This is a practical campground strategy. The electric heater can reduce propane use while the furnace remains available for colder periods and possible underbelly heating.

Are Diesel Heaters Safe to Run Inside an RV?

Properly installed diesel heaters can be safely used in RVs because their combustion system and exhaust remain separated from cabin air. Correct exhaust routing, fuel installation, ventilation, and carbon-monoxide alarms are essential.

Does Propane Stop Working in Extremely Cold Weather?

Propane doesn’t suddenly stop working at one common winter temperature. However, lower temperatures reduce tank pressure and vaporization capacity, especially with small or nearly empty tanks under high heating demand.

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